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2013年的钟声即将响起，对于初三的孩子们来说，中考也将翩然而至了。在英语中考试卷上，阅读理解所占的比分相对比较大，两分一题共30分。由此看出阅读理解在英语学习中的重要性。同学们也可以先了解一下中考阅读理解的命题趋向及其体裁类型。
中考阅读理解的命题趋向
一、 中考阅读理解题选材的趣味性与时代感增强
现阶段，我国中考阅读理解题的选材更加的科学、合理，具有一定的趣味性与时代感，主要有以下三种题型：第一、语句理解题，这一类型的问题主要是要求考生能够通过对全文的阅读，正确理解其中的某些语句或者是段落；第二、推理判断题，这一类型的问题主要是考察考生对全文主旨的掌握程度，能够通过对文章所要表达的观点以及隐含寓意等做正确分析，然后对问题进行科学、合理的判断；第三、文章细节方面的问题，这类型的题目就需要考生在阅读的过程中能够对其中暗示的一些重要问题进行详细分析，进行深层次的理解，并将这些重点语句与信息进行结合，便于作答相关问题。
二、 中考阅读理解题的体裁类型日益明确
目前，我国中考阅读理解题的体裁类型已经日渐明确，主要有以下三种：即说明文、记叙文以及议论文。考生只要在平时的学习过程中熟练掌握这三种体裁阅读题解题的答题方法，就可以在中考时快速、准确的找到相应问题的答案。
三、 试题的难易度分布有序，比例合理
中考阅读理解题的难易程度分布有序，出题者会根据不同段落、词句的具体要求来设计问题。一般情况下，有以下几种情况：
1. 拟标题
这类题目要求考生选择一个适合文章的标题，测试考生领会文章或段落大意的能力。
2. 悟主旨
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。有的作者喜欢先做结论，常常把开头的一句话作为主题句。也有些作者喜欢后做结论，那么主题句则放在结尾。还有不少文章的中心思想贯穿在全文中，要弄清文章的中心思想，则须具备一定的归纳概括能力。
3. 推结论
有些文章要求读者在理解全文的基础上，通过分析、推理、判断，得出结论。
4. 抓细节
细节，是归纳、概括中心思想的基础。命题人往往要求考生细读文章后获取某些固定的信息，寻找细节。
5. 猜词义
此类试题要求考生对没有学过的词，能通过上下文或文章中出现的同义词甚至是对文章通篇意思的理解去猜测。
结合以上所讲的我们先来看看几篇中考题。
例一 （2012南通）Many years ago， I had my first chance to visit Russia. “Russians are a very polite peopIe，” I had been told before my arrival. One of my friends explained that a gentleman will pour the lemonade for the ladies and show other good manners.
Toward the end of my three-week trip， I was invited by my Russian friend Nicolai Vasilevich and his wife Yulya out to dinner. At the end of a wonderful meal， Yulya asked if I would like a banana. I politely declined（婉谢） and thanked her， and explained I was most satisfied with the meal. But my mind was racing： “What should I do？ Should I offer her a banana though they are as close to her as they are to me？ What is the polite thing to do？”
“Would you like a banana？” I asked Yulya.
“Yes，” she smiled， but didn’t try to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket.
“Which one would you like？” I asked again.
“That one，” she pointed at one of the bananas. So thinking about Russian politeness， f picked the banana Yulya had pointed at. Then I peeled it half way and handed it to her. Smiles on Yulya’s and Nicolai’s faces told me I had done the right thing. Alter this experience， I spent much time letting the world know that in Russia， the polite thing was to peel bananas for ladies.
However， sometime during my third trip i learned I was wrong.
“Oh no， David，” a Russian politely corrected me.“In Russia， when a man peels a banana for a lady， it means he has a romantic interest in her.”How embarrassed （尴尬） I felt. So to communicate properly with people of different cultures， we should watch carefully how people of the same culture communicate with each other. Besides， don’t be afraid to ask questions about their culture.
31. Before his first visit to Russia， the writer learned Russian gentlemen are polite to .
A. foreigners B. strangers
C. friends D. women
32. The underlined word“peeled” in Paragraph 6 means “ ”.
A. took the skin off something
B. put something hack
C. made something clean
D. cut something in two
33. Which of the following seems to be true according to the passage？
A. The writer’s third trip lasted about three
weeks.
B. Russian gentlemen never peel bananas for
ladies.
C. The writer tried to follow Russians— behavior
in Russia.
D. Yulya was pleased with the writer’s behavior
but Nicolai wasn’t.
34. The writer wrote the passage mainly to .
A. show us how polite Russian people are
B. tell us his funny experience in Russia
C. ask us to care about cultural differences
D. remind us what we should do in Russia
解析 31. D 本题为细节理解题。由第一段第三句“One of my friends explained that a gentleman will pour the lemonade for the ladies and show other good manners.”可知。
32. A 本题为词义猜测题。由第六段第三句“Then I peeled it half way and handed it to her.”可知：我把香蕉剥了一半的皮递给她。
33. C 本题是综合理解题。阅读全文可知，为了表现出绅士风度，作者尽量地用俄罗斯的礼仪与别人交流。
34. C 本题是综合理解题。本文作者主要向我们描述了俄罗斯礼仪方面的知识，并提醒读者注意文化差异。
例二 （2012 盐城）Saturday morning was bright and fresh. There was a song in every heart， cheer on every face， and a spring in every step.
Tom appeared with a bucket of white paint in one hand and a brush in the other. His Aunt Polly told him to paint the fence around the garden. It was thirty yards long and nine feet high. He felt very depressed.
Then he had a wonderful idea. He picked up his brush and started to work.
Soon Ben came along the road. He was happily eating an apple. He stopped to look at Tom. Tom went on painting and pretended（假装）not to see Ben.
“I’m going swimming，” said Ben. “Do you want to go swimming， Tom？ But I guess you can’t. You have to stay and work， don’t you？”
“Work？” Tom said. “This isn’t work. I’m enjoying myself. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day？”
Ben？thought？about？thisTom？continued？painting？carefully. Sometimes he stopped， stood back to look at the fence like an artist， and then added a bit more paint in just the right place. Ben was watching Tom paint with great interest. He was getting more and more eager to have a try himself. After a while， Ben asked Tom if he would let him paint a little. Tom thought about it， and said， “No， Ben， I can’t. You see. Aunt Polly wants it to be done well. Aunt Polly said that I must paint it with great care.”
“Oh， please， Tom，” begged Ben. “I can do it. I’ll be really careful. Just let me try. I’ll give you half of my apple. Well， I’ll give you all of it！”
“Well， all right， Ben，” said Tom. “You must be very careful.”
He gave Ben his brush with worry on his face but joy in his heart. He sat down under the tree， and started to eat Ben’s apple. All day， boys came to make fun of Tom， but they ended up staying to paint. When Ben got tired， Billy was waiting. He gave Tom a kite for a chance to paint. Then Johnny offered him twelve marbles， and so on.
By late afternoon Tom had gained all sorts of toys， and the fence had gained three？coats of paint. Later Aunt Polly came to look at the painted fence. She was so pleased with Tom’s work that she gave Tom a large cake！
42. Why did Tom pretend not to see Ben when he came and watched him painting？
A. He saw Ben eating an apple happily.
B. He tried to make Ben interested in it.
C. He didn’t want to go swimming with Ben at
all.
D. He didn’t want Ben to share the chance to
paint the fence.
43. What do the underlined words“spring” and “coat” probably mean in the passage according to the given dictionary entries （词条）？
A. 4；3 B. 4；2 C. 3；3 D. 1；3
44. Which of the following is TRUE according to
the passage？
A. Tom gained some toys by helping his friends.
B. Tom’s friends often helped him paint the
fence.
C. Tom successfully tricked his friends into
painting the fence.
D . Billy was the fourth boy to have the chance
to paint the fence.
45. What do you think of Tom？
A. He washonest. B. He was smart.
C. He was shy. D. He was stubborn.
解析 42. B 本题为细节理解题。由第三段中“Then he had a wonderful idea.”及第七段中的“Ben was watching Tom paint with great interest.”可知，Tom 假装看不见Ben的真正目的是让Ben对粉刷栅栏的工作感兴趣。
43. A 本题为词义猜测题。由“Saturday morning was bright and fresh. There was a song in every heart， cheer on every face， and a spring in every step.”和所给的词义可知spring在此应译为“活力；朝气”；通过文章的描述，汤姆的好多朋友都对粉刷栅栏感兴趣，并且亲身实践，由此推知此处的coat应译为“覆盖层；涂层”。
44. C 本题为综合理解题。可以用排除法来做。A项中应是汤姆通过欺骗他的朋友们而得到玩具，而不是通过帮助朋友们得到礼物。B项文中没有提及。D项中Billy应是第三个得到粉刷机会的。通读全文可知，汤姆略施小计欺骗他的朋友们替他粉刷栅栏。
45. B 本题为综合理解题。汤姆假装把粉刷栅栏看成在粉刷一件艺术品，从而使众多的朋友上当而替他粉刷栅栏，由此可以推知汤姆是很聪明。
综上所述，要掌握好阅读理解的策略并熟练运用于中考中，是离不开平时的训练的。只有注重平时的阅读强化训练和积累相关的知识，我们学生的阅读能力才能得到提高，才能在中考中发挥出自己应有的水平。
（责任编辑：李建军）
中考阅读理解的命题趋向
一、 中考阅读理解题选材的趣味性与时代感增强
现阶段，我国中考阅读理解题的选材更加的科学、合理，具有一定的趣味性与时代感，主要有以下三种题型：第一、语句理解题，这一类型的问题主要是要求考生能够通过对全文的阅读，正确理解其中的某些语句或者是段落；第二、推理判断题，这一类型的问题主要是考察考生对全文主旨的掌握程度，能够通过对文章所要表达的观点以及隐含寓意等做正确分析，然后对问题进行科学、合理的判断；第三、文章细节方面的问题，这类型的题目就需要考生在阅读的过程中能够对其中暗示的一些重要问题进行详细分析，进行深层次的理解，并将这些重点语句与信息进行结合，便于作答相关问题。
二、 中考阅读理解题的体裁类型日益明确
目前，我国中考阅读理解题的体裁类型已经日渐明确，主要有以下三种：即说明文、记叙文以及议论文。考生只要在平时的学习过程中熟练掌握这三种体裁阅读题解题的答题方法，就可以在中考时快速、准确的找到相应问题的答案。
三、 试题的难易度分布有序，比例合理
中考阅读理解题的难易程度分布有序，出题者会根据不同段落、词句的具体要求来设计问题。一般情况下，有以下几种情况：
1. 拟标题
这类题目要求考生选择一个适合文章的标题，测试考生领会文章或段落大意的能力。
2. 悟主旨
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。有的作者喜欢先做结论，常常把开头的一句话作为主题句。也有些作者喜欢后做结论，那么主题句则放在结尾。还有不少文章的中心思想贯穿在全文中，要弄清文章的中心思想，则须具备一定的归纳概括能力。
3. 推结论
有些文章要求读者在理解全文的基础上，通过分析、推理、判断，得出结论。
4. 抓细节
细节，是归纳、概括中心思想的基础。命题人往往要求考生细读文章后获取某些固定的信息，寻找细节。
5. 猜词义
此类试题要求考生对没有学过的词，能通过上下文或文章中出现的同义词甚至是对文章通篇意思的理解去猜测。
结合以上所讲的我们先来看看几篇中考题。
例一 （2012南通）Many years ago， I had my first chance to visit Russia. “Russians are a very polite peopIe，” I had been told before my arrival. One of my friends explained that a gentleman will pour the lemonade for the ladies and show other good manners.
Toward the end of my three-week trip， I was invited by my Russian friend Nicolai Vasilevich and his wife Yulya out to dinner. At the end of a wonderful meal， Yulya asked if I would like a banana. I politely declined（婉谢） and thanked her， and explained I was most satisfied with the meal. But my mind was racing： “What should I do？ Should I offer her a banana though they are as close to her as they are to me？ What is the polite thing to do？”
“Would you like a banana？” I asked Yulya.
“Yes，” she smiled， but didn’t try to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket.
“Which one would you like？” I asked again.
“That one，” she pointed at one of the bananas. So thinking about Russian politeness， f picked the banana Yulya had pointed at. Then I peeled it half way and handed it to her. Smiles on Yulya’s and Nicolai’s faces told me I had done the right thing. Alter this experience， I spent much time letting the world know that in Russia， the polite thing was to peel bananas for ladies.
However， sometime during my third trip i learned I was wrong.
“Oh no， David，” a Russian politely corrected me.“In Russia， when a man peels a banana for a lady， it means he has a romantic interest in her.”How embarrassed （尴尬） I felt. So to communicate properly with people of different cultures， we should watch carefully how people of the same culture communicate with each other. Besides， don’t be afraid to ask questions about their culture.
31. Before his first visit to Russia， the writer learned Russian gentlemen are polite to .
A. foreigners B. strangers
C. friends D. women
32. The underlined word“peeled” in Paragraph 6 means “ ”.
A. took the skin off something
B. put something hack
C. made something clean
D. cut something in two
33. Which of the following seems to be true according to the passage？
A. The writer’s third trip lasted about three
weeks.
B. Russian gentlemen never peel bananas for
ladies.
C. The writer tried to follow Russians— behavior
in Russia.
D. Yulya was pleased with the writer’s behavior
but Nicolai wasn’t.
34. The writer wrote the passage mainly to .
A. show us how polite Russian people are
B. tell us his funny experience in Russia
C. ask us to care about cultural differences
D. remind us what we should do in Russia
解析 31. D 本题为细节理解题。由第一段第三句“One of my friends explained that a gentleman will pour the lemonade for the ladies and show other good manners.”可知。
32. A 本题为词义猜测题。由第六段第三句“Then I peeled it half way and handed it to her.”可知：我把香蕉剥了一半的皮递给她。
33. C 本题是综合理解题。阅读全文可知，为了表现出绅士风度，作者尽量地用俄罗斯的礼仪与别人交流。
34. C 本题是综合理解题。本文作者主要向我们描述了俄罗斯礼仪方面的知识，并提醒读者注意文化差异。
例二 （2012 盐城）Saturday morning was bright and fresh. There was a song in every heart， cheer on every face， and a spring in every step.
Tom appeared with a bucket of white paint in one hand and a brush in the other. His Aunt Polly told him to paint the fence around the garden. It was thirty yards long and nine feet high. He felt very depressed.
Then he had a wonderful idea. He picked up his brush and started to work.
Soon Ben came along the road. He was happily eating an apple. He stopped to look at Tom. Tom went on painting and pretended（假装）not to see Ben.
“I’m going swimming，” said Ben. “Do you want to go swimming， Tom？ But I guess you can’t. You have to stay and work， don’t you？”
“Work？” Tom said. “This isn’t work. I’m enjoying myself. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day？”
Ben？thought？about？thisTom？continued？painting？carefully. Sometimes he stopped， stood back to look at the fence like an artist， and then added a bit more paint in just the right place. Ben was watching Tom paint with great interest. He was getting more and more eager to have a try himself. After a while， Ben asked Tom if he would let him paint a little. Tom thought about it， and said， “No， Ben， I can’t. You see. Aunt Polly wants it to be done well. Aunt Polly said that I must paint it with great care.”
“Oh， please， Tom，” begged Ben. “I can do it. I’ll be really careful. Just let me try. I’ll give you half of my apple. Well， I’ll give you all of it！”
“Well， all right， Ben，” said Tom. “You must be very careful.”
He gave Ben his brush with worry on his face but joy in his heart. He sat down under the tree， and started to eat Ben’s apple. All day， boys came to make fun of Tom， but they ended up staying to paint. When Ben got tired， Billy was waiting. He gave Tom a kite for a chance to paint. Then Johnny offered him twelve marbles， and so on.
By late afternoon Tom had gained all sorts of toys， and the fence had gained three？coats of paint. Later Aunt Polly came to look at the painted fence. She was so pleased with Tom’s work that she gave Tom a large cake！
42. Why did Tom pretend not to see Ben when he came and watched him painting？
A. He saw Ben eating an apple happily.
B. He tried to make Ben interested in it.
C. He didn’t want to go swimming with Ben at
all.
D. He didn’t want Ben to share the chance to
paint the fence.
43. What do the underlined words“spring” and “coat” probably mean in the passage according to the given dictionary entries （词条）？
A. 4；3 B. 4；2 C. 3；3 D. 1；3
44. Which of the following is TRUE according to
the passage？
A. Tom gained some toys by helping his friends.
B. Tom’s friends often helped him paint the
fence.
C. Tom successfully tricked his friends into
painting the fence.
D . Billy was the fourth boy to have the chance
to paint the fence.
45. What do you think of Tom？
A. He washonest. B. He was smart.
C. He was shy. D. He was stubborn.
解析 42. B 本题为细节理解题。由第三段中“Then he had a wonderful idea.”及第七段中的“Ben was watching Tom paint with great interest.”可知，Tom 假装看不见Ben的真正目的是让Ben对粉刷栅栏的工作感兴趣。
43. A 本题为词义猜测题。由“Saturday morning was bright and fresh. There was a song in every heart， cheer on every face， and a spring in every step.”和所给的词义可知spring在此应译为“活力；朝气”；通过文章的描述，汤姆的好多朋友都对粉刷栅栏感兴趣，并且亲身实践，由此推知此处的coat应译为“覆盖层；涂层”。
44. C 本题为综合理解题。可以用排除法来做。A项中应是汤姆通过欺骗他的朋友们而得到玩具，而不是通过帮助朋友们得到礼物。B项文中没有提及。D项中Billy应是第三个得到粉刷机会的。通读全文可知，汤姆略施小计欺骗他的朋友们替他粉刷栅栏。
45. B 本题为综合理解题。汤姆假装把粉刷栅栏看成在粉刷一件艺术品，从而使众多的朋友上当而替他粉刷栅栏，由此可以推知汤姆是很聪明。
综上所述，要掌握好阅读理解的策略并熟练运用于中考中，是离不开平时的训练的。只有注重平时的阅读强化训练和积累相关的知识，我们学生的阅读能力才能得到提高，才能在中考中发挥出自己应有的水平。
（责任编辑：李建军）