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为合理优化施肥结构,制定科学的作物肥料配方,提高耕地地力水平,实现耕地资源可持续利用。2006—2013年笔者通过对山东省临沂市河东区4种土壤进行长期定位配方施肥,研究了配方施肥对作物产量及土壤养分含量的影响。结果显示:各处理配方施肥处理作物平均产量明显高于习惯施肥。2013年配方施肥处理和习惯施肥处理土壤碱解氮含量、土壤速效钾含量均比2006年增加,其中习惯施肥处理土壤碱解氮含量增幅较配方施肥处理大,而配方施肥处理土壤速效钾含量增幅较习惯施肥处理大;2006—2010年配方施肥处理土壤有效磷变化不明显,2010年后土壤有效磷呈下降趋势;2006—2013习惯施肥处理土壤有效磷含量相对较稳定。配方施肥通过合理调整氮、磷、钾肥的比例和用量,大幅减少了肥料投入,显著提高了作物产量,有效促进了土壤养分均衡。
In order to optimize fertilization structure rationally, formulate scientific formula for crop fertilizer, improve the level of arable land, and achieve the sustainable use of cultivated land resources. From 2006 to 2013, the author studied the effects of formula fertilization on crop yield and soil nutrient content through long-term targeted formula fertilization on four kinds of soils in Hedong District, Linyi City, Shandong Province. The results showed that the average yield of the crops treated with the formula fertilizers was significantly higher than that of the conventional fertilizers. In 2013, the content of soil available nitrogen and the content of available potassium increased with the increase of formula fertilization and conventional fertilization than that of formula fertilization, and the increase of available nitrogen fertilization was larger than that of formula fertilization, while the increase of available potassium Which is larger than that of conventional fertilization treatments. There was no obvious change of soil available P in formula fertilization treatments from 2006 to 2010, and the available phosphorus in soil decreased after 2010. The content of available P in soil from 2006 to 2010 was relatively stable. Formula fertilization through a reasonable adjustment of the proportion and amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, significantly reducing the input of fertilizers, significantly increased crop yield and effectively promoted soil nutrient balance.