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【目的】探索三峡库区油桐(Vernicia fordii)的科学种植方法。【方法】将1年生油桐林分为套种大豆(Glycine max)组、单施尿素组、对照组等3个处理组,观察和测定油桐生长指标、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用率日变化特征及土壤理化性质。【结果】株高、地径、叶面积指数增长量和水分利用率的日变化均值均表现为单施尿素组最高,然后依次是套种大豆组和对照组;净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化均值则表现为单施尿素组最高,然后依次是对照组和套种大豆组;单施尿素组土壤pH值较对照组低7.42%且具有统计学意义(p<0.05),并且除有机质含量外,单施尿素组其他各个养分含量均高于对照组并具有统计学意义(p<0.05),但套种大豆组土壤pH值和养分含量与对照组相比差异没有统计学意义。【结论】合理施用尿素能明显提高油桐净光合速率和土壤肥力,促进油桐生长,但需要适时补充有机肥防止土壤板结;油桐幼林套种大豆在一定程度上能促进油桐生长,提高油桐水分和土地利用率,是库区油桐产业可持续发展的有效措施。
【Objective】 To explore the scientific method of planting Vernicia fordii in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. 【Method】 One-year-old stands were divided into three groups: Glycine max group, urea group and control group. The growth indexes, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency Characteristics of Variation and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. 【Result】 The daily mean values of plant height, diameter, leaf area index and water use efficiency were the highest in urea-only group, followed by the intercropped soybean group and the control group. The mean of net photosynthetic rate and diurnal variation of transpiration rate The results showed that the single urea application group was the highest, followed by the control group and the intercropped soybean group. The soil pH value in urea application group was 7.42% lower than that in the control group (p <0.05), and in addition to the organic matter content The other nutrient contents in the urea-treated group were higher than those in the control group (p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in soil pH value and nutrient content in the intercropped soybean group compared with the control group. 【Conclusion】 The rational application of urea can significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate and soil fertility of Tung oil tree and promote the growth of Tung oil tree, but need to replenish organic fertilizer timely to prevent soil compaction. Tung oilseed intercropping soybean can promote the growth of Tung oil tree to some extent, Tong water and land utilization, is an effective measure for the sustainable development of the industry.