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1 猜测方法概述猜测和猜想的方法在科学发现中扮演着极为重要的角色,它是导引我们的思维走向未知境地的“先遣的侦察兵”和“桥梁”,有了猜测和猜想,然后通过逻辑论证和实验检验,才导致科学的发现。例如,牛顿根据苹果落地的事实,猜想到万有引力的存在,通过严格的逻辑推理和观察实验,发现了万有引力定律;法拉第根据电生磁的现象,提出了磁也能生电的猜测,通过大量的实验研究,经于发现了电磁感应现象,等等。古今中外许多卓有成就的科学家都十分重视科学猜测并善于猜测,牛顿曾经这样说过:“没有大胆的猜想,就做不出伟大的发现。”物理学家福克更是直接地指出:“伟大的,以及不仅是伟大的发现,都不是按逻辑的法则发现的,
1 Summary of Speculation Methods The methods of guessing and conjecture play an extremely important role in scientific discovery. It is the “advanced scout” and “bridge” that lead our thinking to the unknown, with guesswork and conjecture, and then through Logic arguments and experimental tests have led to the discovery of science. For example, Newton guessed the existence of gravitational force based on the fact that Apple landed. Through strict logical reasoning and observation experiments, he discovered the law of universal gravitation. According to the phenomenon of electro-magnetism, Faraday proposed that magnetic energy can also generate electricity and guesses, through a large number of experiments. Research, after discovering the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, and so on. Many highly accomplished scientists, both ancient and modern, have attached great importance to scientific guesswork and are adept at guessing. Newton once said: “Without bold speculations, we cannot make great discoveries.” The physicist Fokker pointed out directly: “ Great, and not only great discoveries, are not discovered by logical laws.