The removal of the antibiotic compound tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) was investigated by using goethite/H2O2 as a heterogeneous Fenton reagent. Five principle operational parameters, especially solution pH value, were taken into account to investigate how the heterogeneous Fenton process factors mediated the TC removal. This process was effective but seriously impacted by the pH value and temperature, as well as the dosages of α-FeOOH, TC and H2O2. Very interestingly, the acidic and alkaline aqueous medium conditions were both very favorable due to the occurrence of transformation of Fe(III) to Fe(II) on goethite surfaces reduced by TC at pH 3.0~4.0 even though with a low adsorption capacity of TC because its maximum adsorption of negatively charged form occurred at pH around 8.0[1], thereby greatly promoting the TC Fenton oxidative elimination. However, a rapid initial TC decay was observed at the first 5 min, followed by a much slower retardation stage, which was likely because the reductive transformation of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by TC in the solution was inhibited as the Fenton reaction proceeded. Moreover, the hydroxyl radical scavenger t-butanol addition can decrease the removal rate of TC in the goethite/H2O2 system to a certain extent. This further indicated that the main reactive species in this process were hydroxyl radicals[2]. All the goethite-catalysed heterogeneous Fenton reactions are responsible for the TC removal following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, were well fitted to pseudo-first order kinetics (R2>0.99), and their apparent activation energy (E) for this Fenton-like reaction was 31.86 kJ mol 1, a low value that is highly consistent with the ease of TC decay greatly enhanced by the temperature rise, indicated that the interfacial controlling interactions such as a proton induced solubilization and a reductive dissolution of goethite can clearly improve its Fenton catalytic activity[3], and these dissolution processes may not be effective in some cases, while the TC adsorption process may always play an important role to control the TC removal rate during the Fenton reaction. The removal of the antibiotic compound tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) was investigated by using goethite / H2O2 as a heterogeneous Fenton reagent. Five principle operational parameters, especially solution pH value, were taken into account to investigate how the heterogeneous Fenton process factors mediated the the TC removal . This process was effective but seriously impacted by the pH value and temperature, as well as the dosages of α-FeOOH, TC and H2O2. Very interestingly, the acidic and alkaline aqueous medium conditions were both very favorable due to the occurrence of transformation of of Fe (III) to Fe (II) on goethite surfaces reduced by TC at pH 3.0 ~ 4.0 even though with a low adsorption capacity of TC because its maximum adsorption of negatively charged form occurred at pH around 8.0 [1] TC, Fenton oxidative elimination. However, a rapid initial TC decay was observed at the first 5 min, followed by a much slower retardation stage, which was likely because th e reductive transformation of Fe (III) to Fe (II) by TC in the solution was inhibited as the Fenton reaction proceeded. Furthermore, the hydroxyl radical scavenger t-butanol addition can decrease the removal rate of TC in the goethite / H2O2 system to a certain extent. This further indicated that the main reactive species in this process were hydroxyl radicals [2]. All the goethite-catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton reactions are responsible for the TC removal following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, were well fitted to pseudo-first order kinetics (R2> 0.99), and their apparent activation energy (E) for this Fenton-like reaction was 31.86 kJ mol1, a low value that is highly consistent with the ease of TC decay greatly enhanced by the temperature rise, indicated that the interfacial controlling interactions such as proton-induced solubilization and a reductive dissolution of goethite can clearly improve its Fenton catalytic activity [3], and these dissolution processes may not be effective in som ecases, while the TC adsorption process may always play an important role to control the TC removal rate during the Fenton reaction.