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AIM: To explore the expression of triggering receptor expressedon myeloid cells (TREM-1) mRNA in acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS: Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 10 cases of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), 8 cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and 10 cases of healthy control subjects. And we also examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 14 cases of AP (including 10 MAP and 4 SAP) beforetreatment, after successful therapy and clinically cured. RESULTS: The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in the groups of MAP, SAP patients and healthy control subjects was0.771±0.274, 1.092±0.331 and 0.459±0.175, respectively;there was a significant difference among the three groups (P＜0.05). And there was also a significant difference between the AP patients (0.914±0.341) and healthy control subjects (0.459±0.175) (P＜0.05). Moreover, in the 14 cases of AP, before treatment, after successful therapy and clinically cured, the expression of TREM-1 mRNA was 0.905±0.226, 0.739±0.169 and 0.633±0.140, respectively, and there was a significant difference among the three stages (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in the patients with AP increases obviously, and correlates with the degree of AP. Furthermore, the expression of TREM-1 mRNA is distinctly different at the different stages of AP. It indicates TREM-1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of AP.