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乳腺癌是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤,居女性恶性肿瘤的首位.随着科技的发展,观念的更新,乳腺癌的治疗方法有了不同程度的进展,对乳腺癌治疗手段的选择有了新的认识,现结合文献综述如下.1 手术治疗1.1 乳腺部分切除术 为了美容的目的,乳腺癌的切除范围有缩小的趋势.对Ⅰ期乳腺癌病例行肿瘤单纯切除术乃至1/4乳房切除术,术后用放射线辅助治疗,生存率与根治术相仿,但由于手术损伤及精神创伤小,患者生存质量高.有研究认为,单侧、周围型及单发性小病灶,肿块边界清楚,腋淋巴结无明确转移的乳腺癌患者接受保留乳房的手术,其生存率与乳腺切除相当.但对单纯肿块切除的患者,在手术时应行肿块切缘细胞学检查,有助于减少肿块切除后局部复发的机会.细胞学检查阳性,除术时补加切除范围外,术后加用或加大放疗剂量,局部复发率和长期生存率与切缘细胞学检查阴性者无明显区别.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of humans and ranks first in women’s malignancy. With the development of science and technology, the renewal of ideas, the treatment of breast cancer has progressed to varying degrees, and new options have been made for the treatment of breast cancer. Awareness, now combined with literature review is as follows. 1 Surgical treatment 1.1 Partial breast resection For cosmetic purposes, the scope of resection of breast cancer has a narrowing trend. For stage I breast cancer patients undergoing simple resection and even 1/4 mastectomy, Radiation assisted treatment after surgery, the survival rate and radical surgery similar, but due to surgical injury and trauma, the quality of life of patients with high. Some studies have suggested that unilateral, peripheral and single small lesions, mass boundaries clear, axillary lymph nodes Patients with breast cancer who have no definite metastasis undergo breast surgery, and their survival rate is comparable to that of mastectomy. However, for patients with simple lumpectomy, lump margin cytology should be performed during surgery to help reduce local recurrence after lumpectomy. Opportunity. Positive cytology, in addition to supplementation and resection range during surgery, postoperative use or increase radiotherapy dose, local recurrence rate and long-term survival rate and marginal cytology Negative no significant difference.