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目的探讨广州市6~11岁学龄儿童红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell volume distribution width,RDW)与血压水平的相关性,为有效预防控制学龄儿童高血压提供参考。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取广州市6~11岁学龄儿童6 188名,对调查对象进行血压测量和静脉全血细胞分析,分别获得收缩压、舒张压、红细胞数量、血红蛋白和RDW等指标,采用Pearson相关分析和逐步线性回归等方法进行统计分析。结果广州市6~11岁学龄儿童RDW中位数为13.3%,男生(13.4%)高于女生(13.3%)(Z=8.609,P<0.01);收缩压的中位数为100 mm Hg,舒张压中位数为64 mm Hg;高血压和高血压前期组学龄儿童RDW高于血压正常组的儿童(H=15.400,P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,RDW与收缩压和红细胞数均呈正相关(r值分别为0.044,0.465,P值均<0.01),与血红蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.219,P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归显示,收缩压是RDW的影响因素之一(B=0.002,P=0.008)。结论 RDW在高血压和高血压前期学龄儿童中增高,且与收缩压存在关联。
Objective To investigate the relationship between red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) and blood pressure in school-age children aged 6 ~ 11 years in Guangzhou, and to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of hypertension in school-age children. Methods A total of 6 188 school-aged children aged 6 to 11 were enrolled in this study. Blood pressure was measured and venous whole blood cells were analyzed by using cluster sampling method. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and RDW were obtained respectively. Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression and other methods for statistical analysis. Results The median RDW of school-age children aged 6-11 years was 13.3% in Guangzhou, 13.4% in boys (13.3%) (Z = 8.609, P <0.01). The median systolic blood pressure was 100 mm Hg, The median diastolic blood pressure was 64 mm Hg. The RDW in preschool children with hypertension and prehypertension was higher than that in normotensive children (H = 15.400, P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between RDW and systolic blood pressure and erythrocyte number (r = -0.044, 0.465, P <0.01 respectively) and negative correlation with hemoglobin (r = -0.219, P <0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression showed that systolic blood pressure was one of the influencing factors of RDW (B = 0.002, P = 0.008). Conclusions RDW is increased in preschool children with hypertension and prehypertension, and is associated with systolic blood pressure.