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对于印度这样人口众多、以农业为主的国家,水无疑是关系国家命脉的根本大事。从水资源绝对数量来看,印度绝不是一个缺水的国家:它每年可利用的水资源总量达1万1千多亿立方米,即使是到了人口总数将达峰值的2050年也绰绰有余。可是在现实中,这个有着10亿人口的南亚大国又常常遭受干旱缺水的困扰,面临着大规模水危机的威胁。这一矛盾的现象是由印度水资源分布的特点决定的。受季风性气候影响,印度全年总降水的四分之三发生在每年6月到9月短短三个月的雨季之中,大量地表水白白流走不说,还常常引发洪水;而在长达9个月的旱季里,印度全国又普遍处于干旱缺水的状态。过去50年间,印度政府大兴水利,营造了不少蓄水灌溉工程,但是受国力所限,现有的水利设施还是远远无法满足需求。为解决用水问题,总量达4320亿立方米的地下水资源就成为一个关键因素。据统计,目前印度有4500万公顷农田使用地下水灌溉,占全国总灌溉面积的52%;每年工业和家庭抽用的地下水总量达到700亿立方
For a country like India, a country with a large population and predominantly agriculture, water is undoubtedly a fundamental matter concerning the lifeline of the country. India, by its absolute water resources, is by no means a water-scarcer country: its total annual water resources available amount to more than 1,100 billion cubic meters, and it is more than enough to reach the peak of 2050 for the total population. In reality, however, this massive South Asian country of 1 billion people is often plagued by drought and water shortages and faces the threat of a massive water crisis. This contradictory phenomenon is determined by the characteristics of India’s water resources distribution. Affected by the monsoon climate, three-quarters of the total annual rainfall in India occurs during the short rainy season of June and September every year for a short period of three months. Large amounts of surface water do not speak out and often lead to floods. During the 9-month dry season, the whole of India is generally in arid and dry conditions. Over the past 50 years, the Indian government Daxing water conservancy, creating a lot of water storage irrigation projects, but limited by national strength, the existing water conservancy facilities are far from meeting demand. To solve the water problem, a total of 432 billion cubic meters of groundwater resources has become a key factor. According to statistics, 45 million hectares of farmland are currently irrigated by groundwater in India, accounting for 52% of the total irrigated area in China. The total amount of groundwater extracted by industry and households reaches 70 billion cubic meters