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水电站无压引水隧洞在运行中会出现非恒定流水力现象,而物理模型试验则是确定这类无压引水隧洞非恒定流水力参数的重要手段。本文通过具体工程应用实例,介绍了无压引水隧洞非恒定流模型试验的模型率和设计方法,指出模型试验材料决定了无压隧洞正态模型试验的比尺。在无压隧洞靠近下游段设置溢流弃水堰,在有压隧洞前设置大底坡连接过渡段,对控制无压隧洞内的非恒定流水力危害是十分有效的工程措施。
The non-pressure diversion tunnel of hydropower station will have unsteady flow during operation, while the physical model test is an important means to determine the unsteady flow parameters of this kind of pressureless diversion tunnel. In this paper, the model rate and design method of unsteady flow model test for pressureless diversion tunnel are introduced through concrete engineering examples. It is pointed out that the model test material determines the scale of normal model test of pressureless tunnel. It is very effective engineering measures to control the unsteady flow hydraulic hazards in the pressureless tunnel by setting overflow weir in the downstream section near the pressureless tunnel and setting the transition section of the large bottom slope before the pressure tunnel.