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我国乡镇企业的迅速崛起及其高速发展引起过学术界的广泛关注。就目前的情况来看,对于乡镇企业制度变迁的研究还比较分散,要么是针对东部发达地区的研究,要么是针对西部欠发达地区的研究,还没有一个综合的比较。本文对西部少数民族地区(以延边地区为例)和东部发达地区(苏南与温州)乡镇企业产权制度的变迁进行了比较分析,结论是:乡镇企业产权制度变迁是市场经济对产权制度的内在要求,无论是在需求诱致性变迁中,还是供给政府主导型变迁中,政府的作用都是关键的。在我国无论是东部,还是西部,像早期苏南和延边地区这样的市场经济发育不完善,企业产权不明、所有制实现形式比较单一,有效率的产权结构尚未形成的地区,过去非常普遍,仅仅依靠诱致性制度变迁难以满足当地社会对制度的需求,政府利用行政手段推进市场化进程在一定限度内是有效率的。这些经验再一次为“政府利用行政手段推进市场化进程”的理论假说提供了证据。
The rapid rise of China’s township and village enterprises and its rapid development have aroused widespread concern in academia. For the current situation, the study on the changes of the system of township and village enterprises is still relatively scattered, either for the study of the developed eastern regions or for the less developed western regions, there is no comprehensive comparison. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the changes of property rights of township enterprises in the minority nationality regions of the west (taking Yanbian area as an example) and the developed eastern regions (southern Jiangsu and Wenzhou) as the conclusion. The conclusion is: the property rights system of township enterprises changes is the inherent of the market economy to the property rights system The role of the government is crucial both in demand induced change and in government-led change. In our country, whether in the east or the west, the market economy in the early southern Jiangsu and Yanbian areas is underdeveloped, the property rights of enterprises are unknown, the form of ownership is relatively simple, and the structure of property rights has not yet been formed. It used to be very common, Induced institutional change is difficult to meet the needs of local society on the system, the use of government to promote market-oriented process within a certain limit is efficient. These experiences once again provide evidence for the theoretical hypothesis that “the government should use administrative measures to promote marketization.”