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费孝通认为,中国的整个基层社会结构是差序格局式的,而不像西方国家是“团体结构”的。这样的差序格局是中国农村自给自足小农经济形态的反映,同时也影响了乡村农民人际关系与互动,思维方式与行为模式,既而对乡村的政治、文化也起到了深刻地作用。本文着重描述了差序格局下的乡村农民的生活形态,基于《乡土中国》的相关内容和当下实际的乡村农民生活现状做出一些反思。
Fei Xiaotong believes that the entire grassroots social structure in China is a pattern of difference and order, unlike the Western countries are “group structure ”. Such a pattern of difference and order is a reflection of China’s rural self-subsistence peasant economy, as well as the rural peasants’ interpersonal relationships, their modes of thinking and behavior, which in turn has a profound effect on the politics and culture of the country. This paper focuses on describing the life patterns of rural peasants under the pattern of difference and makes some reflections based on the relevant contents of “Native China” and the current actual situation of rural peasants.