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目的了解养老机构老年人营养及健康状况,分析其营养摄入与身体健康状况的关系。方法对青岛市两所养老机构116名老人进行体重、身高等体格测量,并采集5ml空腹静脉血测定血糖、血脂、血红蛋白水平,同时进行24h回顾性膳食调查。结果养老机构老人消瘦、贫血发生率分别为5.4%和13.2%,且男性贫血发生率(20%)高于女性(7.8%)(χ2=3.649,P<0.001),超重、高血压、高血糖、血脂异常发生率分别为45.9%、61.8%、19.0%和36.2%。老年人体质指数各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各年龄组间血脂水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);老年人蛋白质摄入充足,三大营养素供能比合理,且三餐热能比为4∶4∶2;铁摄入充足。结论养老机构老年人血脂异常发生率较高,老年人膳食结构比较合理,可以通过进一步改善膳食结构来调节老年人的健康状况。
Objective To understand the nutrition and health status of senior citizens in pension institutions and analyze the relationship between nutritional intake and physical health. Methods Body mass, height and other physical measurements were performed on 116 old people from two pension institutions in Qingdao City. Blood samples were collected for the determination of blood glucose, blood lipid and hemoglobin in 5 ml of fasting venous blood samples, and a 24-hour retrospective dietary survey was conducted. Results The incidence of anemia in elders was 5.4% and 13.2% respectively, and the incidence of anemia in males was higher than that in females (χ2 = 3.649, P <0.001). The incidence of overweight, hypertension, hyperglycemia The rates of dyslipidemia were 45.9%, 61.8%, 19.0% and 36.2%, respectively. (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum lipids between different age groups (P> 0.05). The elderly had adequate protein intake and the three nutrients were more reasonable than the control group, And three meal heat ratio is 4: 4: 2; adequate iron intake. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the elderly in elderly care institutions is high, and the dietary structure of the elderly is reasonable. The health status of the elderly can be adjusted by further improving the dietary structure.