小说研究成为专门的学问（简称专学）形成于五四时期。这是２０世纪古代文学研究中一个特别突出的现象。本文拟从小说专学的建立标志、研究成果。学术渊源、形成背景等方面对其做一梳理，以便更好地认识这一史实。 Fiction study into a special knowledge (referred to as special) was formed in the May 4th period. This is a particularly prominent phenomenon in the study of ancient literature in the 20th century. This article intends to establish a symbol from the novel of science, research results. Academic origin, the formation of the background and so on to do a comb, in order to better understand this historical facts.