原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)是一种新型“活性”/可控聚合技术,可有效地实现对聚合物分子结构的设计,精准地控制聚合物分子结构。本文在介绍了官能团反应法、偶联反应法以及自由基聚合法制备ATRP大分子引发剂的基础上,进一步介绍了通过控制大分子引发剂“活性”点位置进行聚合物结构设计。同时还着重综述了大分子引发剂在嵌段聚合物、梳状聚合物、分子刷聚合物、树状及超支化聚合物和星形聚合物分子设计中的应用。 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is a new “active” / controlled polymerization technology, which can effectively design polymer molecular structure and precisely control the molecular structure of polymer. Based on the introduction of functional group reaction method, coupling reaction method and free radical polymerization to prepare ATRP macromolecular initiator, the structure design of polymer was further introduced by controlling the position of macromolecular initiator “active ”. At the same time, the application of macroinitiators in the design of block polymers, comb polymers, molecular brush polymers, dendritic and hyperbranched polymers and star polymers are also reviewed.