（目的）探讨直肠癌术前动脉插管化疗的疗效。（方法）对18例直肠癌分别进行1～2次术前动脉插管化疗，化疗后观察临床症状、肿块大小。术后对切除标本进行病理组织学检查。（结果）化疗后临床症状减轻，全身症状改善，毒副作用小，瘤体缩小，可有效提高手术切除率。术后病理检查显示瘤体及区域淋巴结有不同程度化疗反应，总有效率达88．9％。（结论）术前动脉插管化疗对直肠癌具有较好疗效。 (Objective) To investigate the efficacy of preoperative arterial intubation chemotherapy for rectal cancer. (Methods) 18 cases of rectal cancer were treated with preoperative arterial catheterization for 1 or 2 times, and the clinical symptoms and tumor size were observed after chemotherapy. Resection specimens were examined histopathologically after surgery. (Results) The clinical symptoms were relieved after chemotherapy, the systemic symptoms were improved, the toxic and side effects were small, and the tumor size was reduced, which can effectively increase the surgical resection rate. Postoperative pathological examination showed that the tumor and regional lymph nodes had different degrees of chemotherapy response, and the total effective rate was 88.9%. (Conclusion) Preoperative arterial intubation chemotherapy has good curative effect on rectal cancer.