日本自1985年以来开始筛查成神经细胞瘤(neuroblastoma:NB),此项新的妇幼保健工作被视为是日本国民出生后的第一次癌普查.NB为小儿实体瘤中最多者,日本每年约发生200例,发生率为1/18700.80～85%发生于腹部,以肾上腺最多,10～15%在胸部,少数发生于其他部位.临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期多无症状;Ⅲ期有腹胀、发热、精神不振;Ⅳ期因淋巴腺和骨转移而发生头、额面变形、四肢痛和腰痛;Ⅳ-S期为特殊型,多见于1岁以内婴儿,虽有肝大和皮下转移,但无淋巴腺和骨转移,很多可治愈.上述症状与感染、骨髓炎和风湿热等症相似,极易误诊.治疗原则为手术摘除原发肿瘤并行放疗和化疗.预后取决于发现时 Japan has been screening for neuroblastoma (NB) since 1985. This new maternal and child health care work is considered as the first cancer screening of Japanese nationals after birth, and NB is the most common entity in childhood solid tumors, with Japan Occur in about 200 cases a year, the incidence rate of 1 / 18700.80 ~ 85% occurred in the abdomen to the adrenal gland, most of 10 to 15% in the chest, a few occurred in other parts of clinical stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ asymptomatic; Fever, lack of energy; Ⅳ due to lymph nodes and bone metastases and head, frontal deformation, limb pain and back pain; Ⅳ-S period is a special type, more common in infants less than 1 year old, although the liver and subcutaneous metastasis, but no Lymph gland and bone metastasis, many can be cured.The above symptoms and infection, osteomyelitis and rheumatic fever embolism is similar to the very easy to misdiagnosis.The principle of treatment for surgical removal of primary tumor concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy.The prognosis depends on the time of discovery