视网膜色素变性(RP)是一类以进行性感光细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞功能障碍为特征的遗传性疾病,也是世界范围内常见的致盲性疾病.近年来,RP的基因疗法、神经营养疗法、干细胞疗法等迅速发展,其中手术植入人工视网膜(又称视网膜假体)用于恢复RP、年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)等患者的视力,并成为全球的研究热点.人工视网膜的发展经历了一个漫长的研究和试验过程,目前根据植入位置不同主要分为三大类,有着各自的优缺点.人工视网膜植入后,患者所获得的视觉经验与视力丧失之前完全不同.患者能否有效利用重新获得的人工视觉,很大程度上依赖于术后的康复训练过程.虽然人工视网膜在一定程度上为失明患者重见光明带来了一定的希望,但仍然面临着各种挑战.本文将从人工视网膜的发展历史、分类、术后康复及其面临的技术挑战进行概述,期望为人工视网膜的临床应用提供参考.“,”Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a kind of hereditary disease characterized by progressive photoreceptor and pigmented epithelial cell dysfunction.It is also a common cause of blindness worldwide.In recent years,gene therapy,neurotrophic therapy,stem cell therapy and other methods for RP have developed rapidly.Among them,implantation of retinal prosthesis has been used to restore vision of patients with RP and age-related macular degeneration,and has become an international research hotspot.The development of retinal prostheses has undergone a long-term research and experimental process.Currently,retinal prostheses are mainly divided into three categories according to different implantation locations,and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.After implantation,the visual experience obtained by the patient is completely different from before vision loss.Whether the patient can effectively use the re-acquired artificial vision depends largely on the post-operative rehabilitation training process.Although the retinal prosthesis can provide the blindness with the hope of regaining vision,it still faces various challenges.This article will summarize the development history,classification,postoperative rehabilitation and technical challenges of retinal prostheses,and hope to provide reference for its clinical application.