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为分析车辆桥头跳车时的动力荷载,提出了更符合实际形状的圆盘车轮模型,以考虑车轮经过桥头错台时的滚动轨迹,结合基于有限元的车辆整体模型和相应的动力学方法,实现了车辆上、下桥头错台时的竖向、顺桥向动力荷载的定量分析。算例表明,考虑车轮滚动轨迹后,动力荷载计算值比以往平缓得多;跳车动力荷载的大小与车辆的行驶速度、车轮的悬挂方式、桥头错台的高度等因素有关,其表现为:1)车辆的最大动力荷载与桥头错台高度成正比;2)对于独立悬挂的车轮,车速越大,最大动力荷载越大;对于非独立悬挂的车轮,最大动力荷载随着车速的增大呈现波动的形态;3)上桥时的最大荷载位于错台上,下桥时前、中轮的最大荷载离桥头错台较远,后轮则较近;4)桥头错台跳车造成的轮载冲击系数可能超过我国桥梁规范设计值,需要引起重视。
In order to analyze the dynamic load of the vehicle at the time of the vehicle jumping at the bridgehead, a disc wheel model that is more in line with the actual shape is proposed to consider the rolling trajectory of the wheel when the vehicle passes the bridgehead. By combining the overall vehicle model based on the finite element method and the corresponding dynamic method, The quantitative analysis of the dynamic load along the vertical direction and along the bridge at the time when the top and the bottom of the bridge are staggered is achieved. The results show that the calculated dynamic load is much softer than before, considering the rolling path of the wheel. The magnitude of the dynamic load of the vehicle is related to the traveling speed of the vehicle, the suspension mode of the vehicle and the height of the bridgehead. 1) the maximum dynamic load of the vehicle is proportional to the height of the bridgehead; 2) the maximum dynamic load is greater for the wheel with independent suspension, and the maximum dynamic load is larger with the increase of vehicle speed for the wheel with independent suspension Fluctuating form; 3) the maximum load on the bridge is located on the wrong platform, before the next bridge, the maximum load of the middle wheel far away from the bridge deck, the rear wheel is closer; 4) Load impact coefficient may exceed the design value of China’s bridge specifications, you need to pay attention.