对903名中老年人群进行高脂血症的现况调查和危险因素的病例对照研究。结果表明:男女血脂异常率分别为37.68％和34.69％,女性HDL-C异常率显著低于男性。调查发现存在危险因素“类聚现象”的人群,证实女性绝经期后血脂异常率迅速升高。经单因素统计分析和多因素条件logistic回归分析,提示肥胖、三餐比例搭配不合理、缺乏锻炼、过量饮酒、睡眠差和高血压等均为高脂血症患病的重要危险因素。 903 middle-aged and elderly people with hyperlipidemia status survey and case-control study of risk factors. The results showed that the rate of dyslipidemia was 37.68% and 34.69% respectively in male and female, and the abnormal rate of HDL-C in female was significantly lower than that in male. The survey found that there are risk factors “clustering phenomenon” of the population, confirmed that women’s rate of dyslipidemia increased rapidly after menopause. Univariate statistical analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis suggested that obesity, the proportion of three meals with unreasonable, lack of exercise, excessive drinking, poor sleep and hypertension are all important risk factors of hyperlipidemia.