精神分析学学说是奥地利精神病医生、心理学家弗洛伊德创立的,但是他有一个致命的缺点,他的全部学说都关于人的生物性,而不注重人的社会性。对此一些精神分析学家们不断批判地发展弗洛伊德的学说。作为精神分析社会文化学派代表人物的埃里希·弗洛姆将精神分析应用到对资本主义的社会批判上,形成了独特的精神分析人本思想。弗洛姆的《逃避自由》就是在这个基础上诞生的,它探讨了现代人的性格结构及有关心理因素和社会因素的相互作用,其中最重要的部分是对纳粹主义心理学的分析。 Psychoanalysis was founded by Freud, an Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist, but he has a fatal flaw, all of his doctrines pertaining to human biology, without regard to human sociality. In this regard, some psychoanalysts continue to develop Freud’s theory critically. Erich Fromm, a psychoanalytic sociocultural school, applied psychoanalysis to social critiques of capitalism and formed a unique psychoanalytic humanism. Fromm’s “escape from freedom” was born on this basis. It explores the modern personality structure and the interaction between psychological factors and social factors. The most important part is the analysis of the psychology of Nazism.