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当前的饮食文化青睐于精加工、高热量和营养缺乏的食品,这些食品会导致餐后血糖升高和血脂异常。这种餐后代谢紊乱的状态可直接导致氧化应激,后者反过来又使餐后血糖和甘油三酯水平进一步增加。无论糖尿病,餐后代谢状态是心血管事件的一个独立预测因素。优化膳食结构可以直接改善餐后代谢的紊乱状态。具体来说,稍微加工过的富含高纤维的以素食为主(如,蔬菜和水果,全谷类,豆类,坚果)的膳食结构将显著降低餐后高血糖、高甘油三酯和炎症水平。此外,瘦肉蛋白、醋、鱼油、茶、桂皮和低热量饮食、减肥、运动、低至中等分量酒精,都对餐后代谢紊乱状态有积极影响。实验和流行病学研究表明,营养均衡的健康膳食模式(如,传统的地中海饮食)可减少炎症和心血管疾病发生风险。这种具有降低炎症水平作用的膳食模式,可考虑作为冠状动脉疾病和糖尿病的一级和二级预防。
The current food culture favors processed, high-calorie and nutrient-deficient foods that cause postprandial hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. This state of postprandial metabolic disorders can directly lead to oxidative stress, which in turn causes postprandial blood glucose and triglyceride levels to increase further. Regardless of diabetes, postprandial metabolic status is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Optimize the diet can directly improve the metabolic disorders of postprandial state. Specifically, the dietary structure of slightly processed, fiber-rich predominantly vegetarian foods (eg, vegetables and fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts) will significantly reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and inflammation levels . In addition, lean protein, vinegar, fish oil, tea, cinnamon and low-calorie diet, weight loss, exercise, low to moderate weight alcohol, have a positive impact on postprandial metabolic disorders. Experimental and epidemiological studies show that a nutritionally balanced and healthy dietary model (eg, the traditional Mediterranean diet) reduces the risk of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. This dietary pattern, which has the effect of reducing the level of inflammation, can be considered as primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease and diabetes.