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《比利·巴德》自出版后引起极大关注,是除《白鲸》外最受欢迎的一部小说。八十余年来随着文学批评理论的发展,人们从不同视角对其进行阐释,众说纷纭,不少评论文章将讨论仅限制在军事背景内。笔者认为,任何作品都是某一时代主题的反映,尽管小说情节集中在一艘军舰上以及一个水手的生死问题上,但从故事发生时期以及小说创作时期的宏观政治背景,即十八世纪末英帝国主义兴起时期以及十九世纪末美国进入帝国主义时期的时代背景,出发考虑,该作品亦反映出帝国主义和殖民主义意识形态的影响。本文结合作者的生平以及其它作品,借鉴爱德华·萨依德的后殖民批评理论,对小说中威尔舰长这一关键人物进行细致分析,认为其处死比利·巴德这一决定表面上看是为维护秩序和纪律以及自己的权威,背后有着更深层次的、意识形态方面的原因。
Billy Bud has drawn a great deal of attention since it was published. It is the most popular novel outside Moby Dick. With the development of the theory of literary criticism for more than eighty years, people interpret it from different perspectives and have different opinions. Many commentary articles limit the discussion to the military context. The author believes that any work is a reflection of the theme of a certain era. Although the novel focuses on the issue of life and death of a sailor and a sailor, from the historical background of the story and the macro-political background of the novels in the late 18th century The period of the rise of imperialism and the background of the times when the United States entered the era of imperialism at the end of the 19th century were set out for consideration. This work also reflected the influence of the ideology of imperialism and colonialism. This article, combined with the author’s life and other works, draws lessons from Edward Sayed’s theory of post-colonial criticism and analyzes in detail the key figure of Will in the novel, and considers that the decision to kill Billy Bad on the surface There is a deeper ideological reason behind maintaining order and discipline as well as our own authority.