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胰岛素(insulin,INS)治疗糖尿病始于1921年,迄今仍为治疗胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM)的首选药物,当非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)患者通过合理饮食与口服药物仍不能维持适宜的血糖水平时,INS亦作为最后的治疗选择。 INS主要为注射剂,目前也由单一的注射剂向非注射给药和可调式给药方向发展。现就近年来INS给药系统的进展作一简述。1 被动给药 INS以被动给药方式进入体内,药效随血药浓度的增加而加大至稳态,最后INS被消除而使药效降低或消失。按给药途径不同可分为注射、口服、经皮及粘膜给药。1.1 长效注射剂和植入剂 近年报道微球(囊)剂,纳米球(囊)剂以及植入剂(implantation)等缓释剂制作为INS注射给药,通常采用生物降解材料如聚乳酸(PLA)、羟基乙酸聚合物和它们的共聚物(PLGA)、聚3-羟基丁酸酯
Insulin (INS) treatment of diabetes began in 1921, so far the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is the preferred drug, when patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) through rational diet and oral medication still can not maintain the appropriate blood sugar At the same time, INS also serves as the final treatment option. INS is predominantly injectable and is currently being developed from a single injection to non-injectable and regulatable administrations. Now on the progress of INS drug delivery system to make a brief. 1 passive administration of INS into the body by passive administration, with the increase of plasma concentration and increased to steady-state, the final INS was eliminated and the efficacy decreased or disappeared. According to different routes of administration can be divided into injection, oral, transdermal and mucosal administration. 1.1 Long-acting injection and implants In recent years, microspheres (capsules), nanospheres (capsules) and implants have been reported as INS injections. Biodegradable materials such as polylactic acid PLA), glycolic acid polymers and their copolymers (PLGA), poly 3-hydroxybutyrate