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在《资本主义生产以前的各种形式》中,马克思集中讨论了三种共同体形式。结合文本不难发现,马克思讨论共同体诸形式的目的是为了解决资本主义社会的前提条件之一——雇佣劳动的产生或劳动者自由身份的确立问题。因此,以自由为主要特征的雇佣劳动的发生史是理解从共同体向市民社会发展的核心,而生产力的发展和交换的扩大则是共同体解体和市民社会确立的推动力。
In “Various Forms Before Capitalist Production,” Marx focused on three forms of community. It is not difficult to find with the text that Marx’s purpose of discussing various forms of community is one of the prerequisites for solving capitalist society: the creation of wage labor or the establishment of the worker’s free status. Therefore, the history of wage-labor with freedom as its main feature is the core to understand the development from community to civil society. The development of productive forces and the expansion of exchange are the driving forces for the dissolution of the community and the establishment of civil society.