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传统的抗肿瘤药物大多不具有选择性,在临床治疗中产生了严重的毒副作用。核酸适配体是一种小分子核酸,能够与靶标高亲和性、高特异性地结合。选择与癌症发生发展过程密切相关的生物标记物为靶标进行SELEX过程筛选出的核酸适配体自身可作为药物,也可与药物、siRNA、纳米粒等结合构成靶向给药体系,该体系能靶向作用于特定的肿瘤细胞,降低对正常细胞的毒性,用药量显著降低,药效提高。本文综述了近年来核酸适配体直接作为抗肿瘤药物、药物载体、siRNA载体以及作为纳米材料靶向剂构成多元复合靶向给药体系在肿瘤靶向治疗领域的研究进展。
Most of the traditional anti-cancer drugs are not selective, in clinical treatment had serious side effects. A nucleic aptamer is a small molecule nucleic acid that binds with high affinity and specificity to a target. Selection of biomarkers that are closely related to the development and progression of cancer Target nucleic acid aptamers screened by SELEX can be used as drugs or in combination with drugs, siRNAs, nanoparticles and the like to form targeted drug delivery systems that can Targeted role in specific tumor cells, reduce the toxicity of normal cells, the dosage was significantly reduced, improved efficacy. This review summarizes recent progress in the field of tumor targeting therapy using nucleic acid aptamers as antitumor agents, drug carriers, siRNA carriers and targeting agents for nanomaterials to create multiplex composite targeted delivery systems.