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深变质地体岩石和由玄武质火山岩携带至地表的各种地壳、上地幔岩石,是目前唯一可以得到的,又是深钻所不可及的地壳、上地幔样品。对这些样品的系统综合研究,包括对其物理、化学性质、结构构造及其存在和演化的环境条件,以及波速、密度、电性等各种地球物理参数的测定等,已成为各种地壳一地幔结构和动力学模型的重要约束,并成为直接观察深部物理过程以及由此过程演化至现今的“见证人”。近些年来,一些地球物理学家和岩石学家,在大陆地壳岩石断面研究和捕虏体岩石研究方面,已经取得了相当重要的进展,以下分别予以叙述。
Deep metamorphic terrestrial rocks and various crust and upper mantle rocks carried by basaltic volcanic rocks to the surface are the only available crustal and upper mantle samples that are inaccessible by deep drilling. The systematic study of these samples, including their physical, chemical, structural and environmental conditions of their existence and evolution, as well as the determination of various geophysical parameters such as wave velocity, density and electrical properties, has become a Mantle structure and dynamic model of the important constraints, and become a direct observation of the deep physical process and the process evolved so far “witness.” In recent years, some geophysicists and petrochemists have made quite significant progress in the study of continental crustal rock sections and xenoliths in the mainland, which are described separately below.