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长期以来,人们对斯密的国际贸易理论存在着误解,认为它是静态理论,不符合现实情况。事实上,斯密从国民经济发展的角度探讨国际贸易及其与经济发展的互动关系,因而具有动态分析的特点。他在其著作《国富论》中表达了比较优势的基本思想,强调“后来获得的”要素及运输成本对一国优势地位和对外贸易的影响,认为不发达的农业国可通过学习和采用先进的生产技术获得优势,主张按具体情况对不同产品实行关税政策和渐进式的自由贸易政策。
For a long time, people have misunderstood Smith’s theory of international trade, believing it to be a static theory and not in conformity with the actual situation. In fact, Smith from the perspective of national economic development of international trade and its interaction with economic development, and therefore has the characteristics of dynamic analysis. He expressed the basic idea of comparative advantage in his book The Wealth of Nations, stressing the influence of the “later acquired” elements and transportation costs on the dominance of a country and its foreign trade. He believes that underdeveloped agricultural countries can learn and adopt advanced Of the production technology access to advantages, advocated according to the specific circumstances of different products, the implementation of tariff policy and gradual free trade policy.