“发展”范畴从一定意义上说是人们研讨20世纪社会问题所使用的特有概念。“发展”的这一独特视野,表明了它的鲜明的人文性。沿着这一思路,笔者认为,研究发展问题,必须跳出传统的经典进化论的思维范式,在把握20世纪社会文化发展背景的前提下,去具体厘定我们所使用的范畴、方法和命题的价值内涵,以增强问题研究的可操作性和社会进步意义。众所周知,依经典进化论的发展观来看,社会发展是一个由低级到高级、由简单到复杂的必然过程,这种发展观有两个最为明显的特征:其一是未来的乐观主义态度,认为人类社 In a certain sense, the category of “development” is a peculiar concept used by people to study social issues in the 20th century. This unique vision of “development” shows its distinctive humanity. Along this line of thought, the author believes that to study and develop the issue, we must jump out of the traditional paradigm of classical evolution, and grasp the value connotation of the categories, methods and propositions that we use on the premise of grasping the social and cultural development in the 20th century , In order to enhance the operability of research and the significance of social progress. As we all know, according to the concept of evolution of classical evolution, social development is an inevitable process from low to high, from simple to complex. This concept of development has two most obvious features: one is the future optimism that Human society