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医疗过失诉讼具有过失认定的专业性和不确定性、医疗损害的基础性和自然进展性、因果关系判断的复杂性与多元性等基本特征,并存在诉讼结果的非预测性、证明责任的医患两难性以及诉讼导致医患对立的缺陷。这些基本特征与缺陷是基于医疗服务和法律的专业性以及医学与法学的局限性而产生的,与一个国家的法律制度与医疗服务模式没有关系。我国当前的医疗损害责任制度改革并没有充分认识到这些因素,以至采取了开放性的医疗过失诉讼制度,并在某些方面基本上视医疗损害责任为一般人身损害责任。这种改革趋势加剧了医疗服务的非医学化,有违医学规律,在某种程度也违背了法律的公平原则。
The lawsuit of medical malpractice has the specialty and uncertainty of fault identification, the basic and natural progress of medical damage, the complexity and diversity of causal relationship judgments, and the unpredictability of litigation results, Suffering dilemma and the lawsuit led to the contradiction between doctor and patient. These basic characteristics and defects are based on the specialization of medical services and laws and the limitations of medicine and jurisprudence. They are not related to the legal system and medical service model of a country. The current reform of the system of medical damage liability in our country did not fully recognize these factors, and even adopted an open medical malpractice litigation system. In some respects, it basically regarded the responsibility of medical damage as a common personal injury liability. This trend of reform exacerbated the non-medicalization of medical services, contrary to the laws of medicine, to a certain extent, violated the principle of fairness in the law.