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根据新古典分配理论,劳动的价格由其边际产出决定,劳动所得比重取决于其边际产出和投入数量,这不仅是生产达到最优经济效果的必要条件,也是我们评价劳动报酬占比是否合理的标准。从生产函数的估计结果看,我国实际的劳动报酬占比低于劳动对产出的贡献。进一步的研究发现,资本深化虽然有助于提高劳动的边际产出,但是由于较低的利率扩大了资本的使用规模,这使得资本深化对我国的劳动报酬占比产生了显著的负效应。此外,劳资力量对比、经济波动对劳动报酬具有显著的影响,导致了我国实际劳动报酬占比偏离了劳动对产出的贡献。
According to the theory of neoclassical distribution, the price of labor is determined by its marginal product. The proportion of labor income depends on its marginal product and input quantity. This is not only the necessary condition for production to achieve the optimal economic effect, but also is it for us to evaluate whether the proportion of labor remuneration is Reasonable standard. From the estimation of production function, the actual proportion of labor remuneration in China is lower than the contribution of labor to output. Further studies have found that while deepening capital helps to increase the marginal product of labor, the deepening of capital has a significant negative effect on the proportion of labor remuneration in China due to the fact that lower interest rates expand the use of capital. In addition, the contrast between labor and capital, economic fluctuations have a significant impact on labor remuneration, resulting in China’s actual labor remuneration deviate from the contribution of labor to output.