当马铃薯由其原产地——拉丁美洲的智利和秘鲁传到世界各地种植后,在许多地方马铃薯的产量会逐年降低,同时植株变得矮小,并有花叶和卷叶等异常的表现。人们把这种现象叫马铃薯退化。种薯退化一向限制着马铃薯栽培面积的扩大和产量的提高。因此,解决退化问题是发展马铃薯生产的关键。 近百年来,生物科学上围绕马铃薯退化的原因,进行了不断的研究和提出了不同学说。第一次世界大战末年,许多学者相继提出了病毒侵染学说。他们以实验证明马铃薯退化是由病毒引起的传染性病害;这些病害在田间靠蚜虫或叶片接触传播,并通过块茎 When potatoes are introduced from all over the world from Chile and Peru, where their origins come from, Latin America, the production of potatoes in many places will decrease year by year, meanwhile, the plants become short and have abnormalities such as mosaic and curly leaves. People call it a potato degeneration. Degradation of seed potatoes has always limited the expansion of potato cultivation and yield. Therefore, solving the problem of degeneration is the key to the development of potato production. In the past hundred years, the biological sciences have made continuous research and put forward different theories around the reasons for the degradation of potato. The end of World War I, many scholars have put forward the doctrine of virus infection. They experimentally demonstrated that potato degeneration is a contagious disease caused by a virus; these are spread by contact with aphids or foliage in the field and by tubers