胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)依靠其多能性(pluripotency)成为研究造血发生(hematopoiesis)的良好材料。近年来,ESCs向造血细胞体外分化系统的建立,为研究血液中不同类型细胞的发生发育提供了有用的研究模型。借助这些模型,使得我们对造血发生的研究逐步深入,我们对于造血系统的谱系分化有了更深刻的认识。该文对近年来ESCs向多种成熟血细胞的分化体系进行了总结与展望。 Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) rely on their pluripotency as a good material for studying hematopoiesis. In recent years, the establishment of ESCs differentiating into hematopoietic cells in vitro has provided a useful research model for studying the occurrence and development of different types of cells in blood. With these models, our research on hematopoiesis has been gradually deepened, and we have a more profound understanding of the lineage differentiation of the hematopoietic system. This article summarizes and prospects the differentiation of ESCs to a variety of mature blood cells in recent years.