“文化”是人类学最中心的概念。最初源于拉丁文中的culture,即“耕耘、种植”之意,此外还有照料土地、饲养家禽之意,并含有照料家庭和培养道德、心智之意。中世纪晚期的欧洲,文化的集合含义强调了精神观念领域的内向性理想主义的推崇。到了19世纪和20世纪初期,culture成为了人类学最核心的概念,它的复合含义更为复杂。在人类学的各种学术流派中,对于其基本含义的界定和研究各不相同。 “Culture ” is the most central concept of anthropology. Originally derived from culture in Latin, meaning “cultivating, planting”, in addition to caring for land, raising poultry, and caring for families and cultivating moral and mental means. In the late Middle Ages of Europe, the collective meaning of culture emphasized the esteem of introverted idealism in the sphere of spiritual ideas. By the 19th and early 20th centuries, culture became the core concept of anthropology and its complex meanings were more complex. Among the various academic schools of anthropology, the definition and research of their basic meanings are different.