语用学的研究主要包括格拉赖斯提出的合作原则。合作原则主要包括“数量原则”、“质量原则”、“相关准则”以及“方式原则”。合作原则往往被当成是会话交流的伦理道德标准。但在日常交流中,人们很难完全遵守这些原则。事实上,在合作原则这个前提下,当我们在实际的对话中遇到违反原则的内容时,便会很容易地推想到言外之意。 The study of pragmatics mainly includes the principle of cooperation proposed by Grassice. The principle of cooperation mainly includes “quantity principle ”, “quality principle ”, “relevant criterion ” and “principle of mode ”. The principle of cooperation is often regarded as the ethical standard of conversation exchange. However, it is difficult for people to fully comply with these principles in their daily communication. In fact, under the premise of the principle of cooperation, when we encounter a violation of principle in the actual dialogue, we can easily imagine the implication.