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为探究地下水补给对气候变化的响应,以乌兰布和沙漠为例,基于氯质量平衡法,通过野外打钻和室内离子分析,重建区域地下水补给历史和短时间尺度的气候变化过程。结果表明:降水对沙漠地区的地下水补给非常小,对比周边地区记录发现,地下水补给呈现出由西向东逐渐增大的趋势,且一定程度上反映出贺兰山对季风气流的阻挡作用,在相关季风较弱年份,贺兰山西侧降水补给弱于东侧。过去600年来本地区的气候波动大,1455—1500AD、1600—1650AD是气候较为干旱的时期,18世纪末至19世纪初是环境演化一个重要的时间界限,自此以后的漫长时间,干旱化进程进一步加剧,尤其是1920—1930AD,区域极端干旱。本研究也验证了处于季风边缘沙漠地区降水入渗补给对气候变化所呈现出的响应差异。
In order to explore the response of groundwater recharge to climate change, taking the Ulanbuhe Desert as an example, based on the chlorine mass balance method, through field drilling and indoor ion analysis, the regional groundwater recharge history and short-term climate change process are rebuilt. The results showed that precipitation supplied very little to the groundwater in the desert area. Comparing the records of surrounding areas, groundwater recharge showed a tendency of increasing from west to east, and to a certain extent reflected the blocking effect of the Helan Mountain on the monsoon airflow. Weak years, west Helan Mountain precipitation recharge weaker than the east side. Over the past 600 years, the climate in this region has fluctuated greatly. The period of 1455-1500AD and 1600-1650AD is a period of relatively dry climate. From the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century was an important time boundary of environmental evolution. From then on, the process of aridification further Exacerbated, especially 1920-1930AD, extreme drought in the region. This study also verifies the response of precipitation infiltration to desertification in the monsoon margins to climate change.