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摘 要：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，传统的教学学费时费力，且效果不尽如人意。本文弱化其概念，从实际教学的角度出发，着重探讨如何将其分散到各个相应的语法内容中，并采用表格比较法使教学更为简明而直观。
关键词：虚拟语气；语法教学；从句；表格比较法
Abstract： The subjunctive mood is a special form of verbs， and grammarians still do not agree on the types . The traditional approach to it is laborious and time-wasting， but with limited effect. Hence， in this paper， we’ll weaken the concept， simplify it by exposing it in relevant grammatical content and adopt a new approach---the tabular contrast to makes the teaching to be much easier and straight.
Key words： subjunctive mood； grammar teaching； clause； tabular contrast
一、引言
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一是用来表达说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是表达一种假设、怀疑、猜测等，二是表达说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。本文结合教学实际并配以通级考试的真题力求系统地将这一知识点呈现出来。
二、虚拟语气形式的论述
虚拟语气是一个颇有争议的问题，中外语法学家对其表现形式众说纷纭，其中对现行高职英语虚拟语气教学影响力较大的观点如下：
1. Quirk 将虚拟语气分为三类
（1）The Mandative Subjunctive。用在当主句含有建议、决定，惊讶等意义的that引导的从句中，位于动词为动词原形，如：It is necessary that every member inform himself of these rules.
（2） The Formulaic Subjunctive。用于固定的表达中如：So be it then！
（3） The were-subjunctive。 动词形式仅限于were， 表示假设，用在条件状语从句，让步状语从句及wish之后的宾语从句中。如： He speaks English as if he were an American.
2.章振邦教授将虚拟语气分为be型和were型，这也是目前高职高专语法教程中采用的分类形式
（1）be型用于表示命令、决定、建议等词后的that从句或者用于whatever，lest 等引导的分词中，表示推测、让步、忧虑等。
My Mom insisted that she do the family reunion cooking.
Whatever she （may ）say， I won’t change my mind
（2）were型用于If等引导的分句中，表示现在或将来时间的主观设想，或者用于wish后的that-分句中，表示与现在事实相反的主观设想
If I were in your shoes， I would accept the offer.
How I wish I were a bird。
三、虚拟语气的教学及真题操练
1.条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句
（1）真实条件句。真实条件句是指极有可能会发生的情况，采用主将从现四字原则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
典型例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
（2）非真实条件句：非真实条件句是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，采用were型虚拟语气
英语应用能力（A级）考试真题
①Had she listened to the lecture carefully lat night， she ___ in the exam.
A. wouldn’t fail B. wouldn’t have failed
C. wouldn’t have been failing D. wouldn’t have been failed
② ___ she not blind， she would be of great help.
A. if B. were C. was D. Is
③If you ___ the movie last night， you wouldn’t be so sleepy now
A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch C. wouldn’t have watched D. hadn’t watched
2.were型虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用
英语应用能力（A级）考试真题
（1）I wish I ___ to talk it over with him when he was here last night. A. had been able B. have been able C. were able D. should be able （2）I’d rather you （not make） ___ any comment on the issue for the time being. （didn’t make）
（3）The picture exhibition bored me to death， I wish I （not go）___ to it.（hadn’t gone）
3. be型虚拟语气：
（1）接主语从句的形容词主要有：necessary，essential，vital， urgent等
（2）接主语从句的分词主要有：amazing， demanded， desired， ordered， required， surprising等
（3）接主语从句的名词主要有：advice ，command， demand， desire， order， pity等
英语应用能力（A级）考试真题
（1）It was suggested that the naught boy ___
A. will be punished B. could be punished C was punished D. be punished
（2） It is highly desirable that a new president ___ for this college.
A. appointed B. be appointed C. is appointed D. has been appointed
（3） It was proposed that the matter ___ discounted at the next meeting.
A. will be B. was C. would be D. be
综上所述，虚拟语气的概念掌握起来有一定的难度，我们将其简化分散到相应的语法内容中，以表格的形式加以呈现，并辅以大量真题练习，相信对学生的系统学习大有裨益。
参考文献：
[1]张振邦. 新编英语语法教程[M].上海外语教育出版社，1995
[2]欧阳志定.《虚拟语气的教学捷径》英语教学研究，2009，5
[3]袁晓宁.《英语虚拟语气形式分类的再探讨》 外语与外语教学，2000（10）
[4]安菊梅.《动词虚拟语气的类型及教学》 西安外国语学院学报，2000.6
[5]Quirk Randolph， A Grammar of Contemporary English [M] London： Longman， 1973
关键词：虚拟语气；语法教学；从句；表格比较法
Abstract： The subjunctive mood is a special form of verbs， and grammarians still do not agree on the types . The traditional approach to it is laborious and time-wasting， but with limited effect. Hence， in this paper， we’ll weaken the concept， simplify it by exposing it in relevant grammatical content and adopt a new approach---the tabular contrast to makes the teaching to be much easier and straight.
Key words： subjunctive mood； grammar teaching； clause； tabular contrast
一、引言
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一是用来表达说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是表达一种假设、怀疑、猜测等，二是表达说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。本文结合教学实际并配以通级考试的真题力求系统地将这一知识点呈现出来。
二、虚拟语气形式的论述
虚拟语气是一个颇有争议的问题，中外语法学家对其表现形式众说纷纭，其中对现行高职英语虚拟语气教学影响力较大的观点如下：
1. Quirk 将虚拟语气分为三类
（1）The Mandative Subjunctive。用在当主句含有建议、决定，惊讶等意义的that引导的从句中，位于动词为动词原形，如：It is necessary that every member inform himself of these rules.
（2） The Formulaic Subjunctive。用于固定的表达中如：So be it then！
（3） The were-subjunctive。 动词形式仅限于were， 表示假设，用在条件状语从句，让步状语从句及wish之后的宾语从句中。如： He speaks English as if he were an American.
2.章振邦教授将虚拟语气分为be型和were型，这也是目前高职高专语法教程中采用的分类形式
（1）be型用于表示命令、决定、建议等词后的that从句或者用于whatever，lest 等引导的分词中，表示推测、让步、忧虑等。
My Mom insisted that she do the family reunion cooking.
Whatever she （may ）say， I won’t change my mind
（2）were型用于If等引导的分句中，表示现在或将来时间的主观设想，或者用于wish后的that-分句中，表示与现在事实相反的主观设想
If I were in your shoes， I would accept the offer.
How I wish I were a bird。
三、虚拟语气的教学及真题操练
1.条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句
（1）真实条件句。真实条件句是指极有可能会发生的情况，采用主将从现四字原则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
典型例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
（2）非真实条件句：非真实条件句是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，采用were型虚拟语气
英语应用能力（A级）考试真题
①Had she listened to the lecture carefully lat night， she ___ in the exam.
A. wouldn’t fail B. wouldn’t have failed
C. wouldn’t have been failing D. wouldn’t have been failed
② ___ she not blind， she would be of great help.
A. if B. were C. was D. Is
③If you ___ the movie last night， you wouldn’t be so sleepy now
A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch C. wouldn’t have watched D. hadn’t watched
2.were型虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用
英语应用能力（A级）考试真题
（1）I wish I ___ to talk it over with him when he was here last night. A. had been able B. have been able C. were able D. should be able （2）I’d rather you （not make） ___ any comment on the issue for the time being. （didn’t make）
（3）The picture exhibition bored me to death， I wish I （not go）___ to it.（hadn’t gone）
3. be型虚拟语气：
（1）接主语从句的形容词主要有：necessary，essential，vital， urgent等
（2）接主语从句的分词主要有：amazing， demanded， desired， ordered， required， surprising等
（3）接主语从句的名词主要有：advice ，command， demand， desire， order， pity等
英语应用能力（A级）考试真题
（1）It was suggested that the naught boy ___
A. will be punished B. could be punished C was punished D. be punished
（2） It is highly desirable that a new president ___ for this college.
A. appointed B. be appointed C. is appointed D. has been appointed
（3） It was proposed that the matter ___ discounted at the next meeting.
A. will be B. was C. would be D. be
综上所述，虚拟语气的概念掌握起来有一定的难度，我们将其简化分散到相应的语法内容中，以表格的形式加以呈现，并辅以大量真题练习，相信对学生的系统学习大有裨益。
参考文献：
[1]张振邦. 新编英语语法教程[M].上海外语教育出版社，1995
[2]欧阳志定.《虚拟语气的教学捷径》英语教学研究，2009，5
[3]袁晓宁.《英语虚拟语气形式分类的再探讨》 外语与外语教学，2000（10）
[4]安菊梅.《动词虚拟语气的类型及教学》 西安外国语学院学报，2000.6
[5]Quirk Randolph， A Grammar of Contemporary English [M] London： Longman， 1973