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以湖北省为研究区,利用GIS技术将土壤侵蚀与地形坡度、海拔、植被、降水量、土壤类型和土地利用类型等环境背景因素进行叠加分析,计算不同环境背景条件下的土壤侵蚀综合指数,分析土壤侵蚀与这些因素间的关系。在此基础上,运用空间主成分分析法(SPCA)评价不同环境背景下的土壤侵蚀敏感性程度,揭示研究区土壤侵蚀风险的空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区30.6%的地区属于土壤侵蚀非敏感区,55.8%的地区属于轻度和中度敏感区,13.6%的地区属于高度敏感区。土壤侵蚀敏感性高的地区主要位于相对高程150—500 m、坡度8°—15°、植被覆盖度低、土质疏松、土地利用以坡耕旱地为主的地带,这些地区是水土保持综合治理的重点区域。
Taking Hubei Province as the research area, GIS was used to analyze the relationship between soil erosion and topographic gradient, elevation, vegetation, precipitation, soil types and land use types. The comprehensive indexes of soil erosion were calculated under different environmental backgrounds. Analyze the relationship between soil erosion and these factors. On this basis, the spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) was used to evaluate the degree of soil erosion sensitivity under different environmental backgrounds and to reveal the spatial distribution of soil erosion risk in the study area. The results showed that 30.6% of the study area belonged to the non-sensitive area of soil erosion, 55.8% belonged to the mild and moderate sensitive area, and 13.6% belonged to the highly sensitive area. The areas with high soil erosion sensitivity are mainly located in the areas of relative elevation of 150-500 m, slope of 8 ° -15 °, low vegetation coverage, loose soil and land utilization mainly in slope farmland, which are comprehensive management of soil and water conservation Key area.