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目的:调查湖南、四川两省男性青少年暴力犯罪者的精神健康状况,比较湖南省暴力犯罪与非暴力犯罪青少年间精神障碍患病率的差异。方法:在湖南某未成年管教所随机抽取100例(实际完成91例)暴力犯罪青少年、65例(实际完成64例)非暴力犯罪青少年;在四川某未成年管教所随机抽取90例(实际完成81例)暴力犯罪青少年;在湖南某中学抽取40例(实际完成39例)高中学生、四川某中学抽取50例(实际完成49例)高中学生作为对照。以儿童少年精神障碍调查筛查表及半定式诊断检查表,以精神疾病诊断与统计手册-Ⅳ为诊断标准调查上述青少年精神障碍的患病状况。结果:湖南暴力犯罪组品行障碍(86.6%)、物质滥用(17.6%)和物质依赖(9.9%)的患病率,湖南非暴力犯罪组品行障碍(75.0%)和物质滥用(11.7%)的患病率均高于湖南对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。四川暴力犯罪组注意缺陷障碍(17.3%)、对抗性障碍(18.5%)、品行障碍(69.1%)和物质滥用(22.2%)的患病率均高于四川对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。湖南暴力犯罪组中63.7%、四川暴力犯罪组中55.6%、湖南非暴力犯罪组中45.0%的青少年犯罪者有犯罪前科。结论:青少年犯罪者精神健康问题严重,迫切需要制定和实施针对青少年犯罪精神状况有效的评估和治疗方法,从而减少青少年犯罪的发生。
Objective: To investigate mental health status of male and female violent offenders in Hunan and Sichuan provinces, and to compare the prevalence of mental disorders in juvenile delinquents and violent criminals in Hunan Province. Methods: 100 juvenile delinquents (91 actually completed), 65 non-violent juvenile delinquents (64 actually completed) were randomly selected from a juvenile discipline camp in Hunan Province. 90 juveniles were randomly selected from a juvenile correctional institution in Sichuan 81 cases) were violent crimes; 40 high school students were selected from a middle school in Hunan Province (39 actually completed), and 50 high school students (49 actually completed) from a middle school in Sichuan were used as controls. The prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents was investigated using the Childhood Mental Disorders Screening and Semi-Definitive Diagnostic Checklist with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV of Mental Illness as the diagnostic criteria. Results: The prevalence rates of obstruction (86.6%), substance abuse (17.6%) and substance dependence (9.9%) in Hunan violent crime group were significantly lower than those in Hunan non-violent crime group (75.0%) and substance abuse (11.7%) The prevalence was higher than that of Hunan control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence of attention deficit disorder (17.3%), confrontational disorder (18.5%), conduct disorder (69.1%) and substance abuse (22.2%) were higher in Sichuan violent crime group than those in Sichuan control group (the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). 63.7% in Hunan violent crime group, 55.6% in Sichuan violent crime group and 45.0% of young criminals in Hunan non-violent crime group have criminal record. Conclusion: The mental health problem of juvenile delinquency is grave. There is an urgent need to formulate and implement effective assessment and treatment methods for the mental state of juvenile delinquency, thus reducing the incidence of juvenile delinquency.