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随着电动汽车技术的快速发展和人们环保意识的不断提高,电动汽车的使用规模将不断扩大。而大量电动汽车的无序充放电行为,将会给电网的安全运行带来很大影响。文章基于离散吸引力模型,依据需求价格弹性的定义,推导出自弹性系数和互弹性系数的计算公式,并建立4类电动汽车充放电需求响应模型,统筹考虑电网公司和电动汽车车主双方的利益,运用基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法求解出1套最优分时电价方案来引导电动汽车的充放电行为。算例验证表明该模型求解得到的最优分时电价方案可显著地减少车主花销,降低配电网的网络损耗,平滑负荷曲线。
With the rapid development of electric vehicle technology and people’s increasing awareness of environmental protection, the use of electric vehicles will continue to expand. The disorderly charge-discharge behavior of a large number of electric vehicles will have a great impact on the safe operation of the power grid. Based on the discrete attractiveness model and based on the definition of demand price elasticity, the paper derives the formulas of elasticity coefficient and mutual elastic coefficient, and establishes the charge-discharge demand-response model of four types of electric vehicles, considering the interests of both grid company and electric vehicle owner, Using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm to solve a set of optimal time-of-use electricity price program to guide the electric vehicle charge and discharge behavior. The case study shows that the optimal time-of-use price solution obtained by the model can significantly reduce the owner’s expenses, reduce the network loss and smooth the load curve of the distribution network.