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钙在果树体内起着平衡生理活动的作用。多数果树对钙的需要量仅次地氮、磷、钾。钙适量,可减轻土壤中钾、钠、氢、锰、铝等离子的毒害作用,使果树正常吸收铵态氮,促进果实的生长发育。缺钙影响氮的吸收、代谢和营养物质的输送,不能中和蛋白质分解过程中产生的草酸,致使新根粗短、弯曲,尖端慢慢变褐枯死,新根分生强烈;地上部组织生长缓慢,叶片较小,顶端嫩叶常从叶尖和边缘或中脉发生褪色变褐,形成坏死斑点而渐渐枯死,严重时,枝条也慢慢向下枯死;花萎缩。缺钙时,苹果果实会发生苦痘病、水心病、斑点病、褐变、内部组织败解等一系列生理病害;梨果实发生黑心病;柑桔果小、畸形,汁胞皱缩。钙过剩,土壤偏碱而板结,影响铁、锰、锌、硼等元素的吸收,从而导发缺素症。我省果树缺钙突出又普遍的原因:一是多数果树都种在红壤或砖红壤地上,红壤含铁、铝多,含氮、钙、有机质少。二是雨季长,雨水集中,土壤中的钙素淋洗流失量大。三是施肥失偏,造成氮、钾元素过多,土壤酸度增大。
Calcium plays a role in balancing the physiological activity in fruit trees. The majority of fruit trees on the calcium requirements of only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The amount of calcium, can reduce the toxic effects of potassium, sodium, hydrogen, manganese, aluminum ions in the soil so that the fruit tree can normally absorb ammonium nitrogen and promote the growth and development of the fruit. Calcium deficiency affect nitrogen absorption, metabolism and nutrient delivery, can not neutralize the oxalic acid produced in the protein decomposition process, resulting in new roots stubby, curved, the tip slowly browning, strong new root; shoot tissue growth Slow, leaves smaller, the tip of young leaves often from the tip and the edge or midrib discoloration brown, necrosis spots formed gradually wither, in severe cases, the branches also slowly die down; flower atrophy. Calcium deficiency, apple fruit occurs bitter pit disease, water heart disease, spot disease, browning, internal tissue failure and a series of physiological diseases; pear fruit black heart disease; citrus fruit small, deformity, juice shrinkage. Excess calcium, alkaline soil and the compaction, affecting the absorption of iron, manganese, zinc, boron and other elements, leading to deficiency. Lack of calcium in our province fruit outstanding and common reasons: First, most of the fruit trees are planted in red soil or brick red soil, red soil iron, aluminum, nitrogen, calcium, organic matter less. Second, the rainy season, rainwater concentration, soil calcium leaching loss. Third, fertilization deviant, resulting in excessive nitrogen and potassium, soil acidity increased.