1　问题的提出　　柴油机作为内燃机车的动力源 ,其性能及稳定性直接影响着铁路运输生产的安全和效益 ,那么对柴油机故障的预防和诊断就显得尤其重要。油锤、水锤是铁路各内燃机务段时有发生的较大的故障 ,对柴油机本身的破坏也比较大。轻者造成连杆弯曲、活塞和气缸套变形 ,重 1 The Proposition of Diesel Engine Diesel locomotive as a power source, its performance and stability of a direct impact on rail transport safety and effectiveness of production, then the prevention and diagnosis of diesel engine failure is particularly important. Oil hammer, water hammer is a large fault occurred in the internal combustion engine section of the railway, the destruction of the diesel engine itself is relatively large. Light caused by connecting rod bending, piston and cylinder liner deformation, heavy