药品是一种特殊的商品。由于与人的生命和健康息息相关,和一般商品不同,药品的需求缺乏弹性1,其价格变化并不一定导致需求的明显变化。此外,医生和患者之间存在信息不对称,医生可以诱导患者的药品需求。因此,完全依靠市场机制难以使所有药品价格达到市场均衡价格。为控制药品费用,减轻患者和社会负担,大多数国家均对药品价格进行不同程度的干预。研究世界主要国家特别是部分发达市场经 Medicines are a special kind of product. Due to the fact that people’s life and health are closely linked to each other, unlike the general goods, the demand for medicines lacks elasticity and its price changes do not necessarily result in significant changes in demand. In addition, there is information asymmetry between the doctor and the patient, and the doctor can induce the patient’s drug needs. Therefore, it is difficult to rely solely on the market mechanism to bring the prices of all medicines to a market equilibrium price. To control drug costs and reduce the burden on patients and society, most countries intervene in drug prices to varying degrees. Study the world’s major countries, especially some developed markets