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一、北京市乡镇粘土砖生产现状近年来,市郊乡镇砖厂发展较快。1980年,乡镇砖厂有160～170家,年产机砖20亿块,占全市机砖总量的60%,到1985年底,已发展到506家,年产机砖41亿块,占全市机砖总量的70%以上;1986年,全市产砖60亿块,其中乡镇砖瓦厂生产43亿块。1985年底,有职工43523人,实现产值20783万元,纯利995万元,上交税利3073.1万元。乡镇砖厂的迅速发展,是与农业银行的大力支持分不开的。1980年,全市122家砖厂的贷款余额为665万元,截止到1986年10月底,仅平谷、密云、房山、延庆四个支行,就支持179家砖厂,贷款余额为1600.3万元,比1980年全市贷款余额增长140.6%。二、目前存在的问题实心粘土砖的生产,占用大量农田。按全市年产58亿块计算,要吃掉农田3000亩。北京市粘土砖的生产,面临着以下问题: (一)土源枯竭。一些国营砖厂的土源,只能维支持3～5年;土源较宽裕的乡镇砖厂,也只能开采8～10年。若采取措施,例如拆迁不必要的建筑,腾出好土;尽可能地回采和深采;短距离购土等等,生产年限最多延续12～13年左右。(二)土质以及产品质量的下降。有的乡镇砖厂,已近30年的生产历史,好土基本用
I. Production Status of Clay Bricks in Townships in Beijing In recent years, township brick factories in the suburbs have developed rapidly. In 1980, there were 160-170 brickyards in townships and townships, with an annual output of 2 billion bricks, accounting for 60% of the city’s total. By the end of 1985, it had grown to 506, with an annual output of 4.1 billion bricks, accounting for the city’s total More than 70% of the total amount of bricks; In 1986, the city produced 6 billion bricks, of which township brick and tile production of 4.3 billion. At the end of 1985, there were 43,523 employees, with a production value of 207.38 million yuan, a net profit of 9.95 million yuan, and a tax benefit of 30.731 million yuan. The rapid development of township brickyards is inseparable from the strong support of the Agricultural Bank of China. In 1980, the loan balance of 122 brick factories in the city was 6.65 million yuan. As of the end of October 1986, only four branches including Pinggu, Miyun, Fangshan, and Yanqing supported 179 brick factories, and the loan balance was 16,003,000 yuan. In 1980, the city’s loan balance increased by 140.6%. Second, the existing problems Solid clay brick production, occupies a large number of farmland. According to the city’s annual output of 5.8 billion pieces, it is necessary to eat 3,000 acres of farmland. The production of clay bricks in Beijing faces the following problems: (1) The depletion of soil resources. Some state-owned brick factories can only support 3 to 5 years of land resources, and township brick factories with relatively abundant soil sources can only mine for 8 to 10 years. If measures are taken, such as the demolition of unnecessary buildings to make good soil; recover as much as possible and deep; adopt short-distance purchase of land, etc., and the production period will last for a maximum of 12 to 13 years. (b) Decline in soil quality and product quality. Some township brick factories have nearly 30 years of production history, and they basically use good soil.