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目的分析学龄期哮喘患儿存在的行为问题并分析护理对策。方法随访学龄期哮喘患儿64例,用自制的哮喘儿童家长疾病认知调查表、Conners父母问卷(PQS)分析患儿哮喘管理现状及存在的行为问题,应用延续护理措施引导患儿家长参与哮喘疾病管理、关注并改善患儿行为问题。结果延续护理干预后家长坚持规范用药、避免哮喘触发因素、正确吸入气雾剂、《全球哮喘防治创议》(GINA)方案及行为问题知晓率明显高于干预前。哮喘患儿常伴有品行问题、学习问题、心身障碍、冲动-多动、焦虑等行为问题,延续护理干预6个月后患儿学习问题得以改善(P=0.021 3)、焦虑、心身障碍无明显改善(P=0.058 4,0.317 4),特别是干预1年改善更明显(P=0.004 0,0.016 2,0.037 8)。结论学龄期哮喘儿童常伴有比较明显的行为问题,长期规范的延续护理干预能引导家长坚持哮喘长期管理、改变教养理念及方式,有效改善患儿行为问题。
Objective To analyze the behavioral problems in children with school-age asthma and analyze nursing strategies. Methods 64 cases of children with school-age asthma were followed up. The status quo of asthma management and the existing behavioral problems were analyzed with Congnitive Parental Questionnaire (PQS) in 64 children with asthma. The follow-up nursing interventions were used to guide parents of asthma Disease management, attention and improvement of children’s behavioral problems. Results After nursing intervention, parents insisted on standardized medication, avoiding the triggers of asthma and correctly inhaling aerosol. The awareness rate of GINA program and behavioral problems was significantly higher than that before intervention. Children with asthma are often accompanied by behavioral problems such as conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic disorders, impulsive hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and other behavioral problems. After 6 months of nursing intervention, their learning problems are improved (P = 0.021 3), anxiety and psychosomatic impairment (P = 0.058 4,0.317 4). Especially the one-year intervention improved more significantly (P = 0.004 0,0.016 2,0.037 8). Conclusion Childhood asthma children often accompanied by more obvious behavioral problems, long-term normative continuation of nursing intervention can guide parents to adhere to the long-term management of asthma, change the concept of parenting and ways to effectively improve children’s behavioral problems.