前列腺癌一直是严重威胁男性人群健康的主要公共卫生问题之一。临床上始终面临着何如针对个体化患者进行合适筛查和治疗的困难。此外，随着精准医疗和过度治疗概念的提出，前列腺癌不同阶段的治疗方案也需要改变，局限性前列腺癌患者更有可能获得改善和延长寿命的机会。近几十年来前列腺癌基础研究不断取得重要突破，相关分子机制也在深入挖掘，随之研究成果的积累越来越多，未来应如何促进基础研究对前列腺癌临床诊治的转化应用，为此展开评述。“,”Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major public health problems and can seriously threaten the health of men. We still face the challenge that how to make an appropriate clinical screening and treatment for each individual patient. The treatments for each stage of prostate cancer need to be improved follow by the recommendation of the concepts of Precision Medicine and Overtreatment. Patients with localized PCa are more likely to have an opportunity to improve and prolong their lives. In recent decades, although the researches have made advanced breakthroughs in basic researches and related molecular mechanisms of PCa, but few findings can be used in clinical treatments effectively. Here, we will discuss these contents and make some prospects of future studies.