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objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group A without any treatment as control, group B treated with chitosan gel, group C treated with pure chitosan film and group D treated with chiston film containing 50% gelatin. 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, 12 rats in each group were respectively belly opened to observe chitosan degradation and evaluate peritoneal adhesion, and the adhesive vermiform processes tissues were histopathologically observed. RESULTS: 1. Degraaxation in the group D was faster than that in the group C but slower than that in the group B. 2. 2 weeks after surgery the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group(goup A) (P＜0. 05), but that in the group C and D (both P＜0. 05) were more severe than that in the control group. 3.4 weeks after surgery , the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), but that in the group C and D (both P＜0. 05) were more severe than that in the control group , whereas, there was no significant difference between adhesion in the group C and group D (P＞0. 05). 4. Histopathological examinaiton indicated that: 2 weeks after surgery ,inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion and the response was most seyere on the serous coat, furthermore, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B, but milder than that in the group C and D; 4 weeks after surgery, fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion in each group , moreover, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B but milder than that in the group C and D. Whats more, integrated fibrous membrane formed around implanted materials in the group C and D, and the fibrous membranes were thinner in the group C than that in the group D. CONCLUSION: 1. Chitosan gel has perfect effect in protecting traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats. 2. Pure chitosan film could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion and chitosan containing gelatin could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion further.