“一实多名”是汉语称谓系统的一个明显特征,越是常见的“实”,其“名”也就越多。本文撷取古今文献及经典文学作品中有关“妻子”的种种称谓形式,从语用的角度对其进行分类,发现制度背景、时地因素、交际心理、交际场景等因素是“妻子”称谓形式繁丰的主要根源,而这些因素都是广义上的语境因素,从而揭示了语境在称谓系统开放性方面的“催化剂”作用,论证出语境因素与“一实多名”现象的源流关系以及语境对称谓词选择与理解的制约机制。 The “more than one name” is an obvious feature of the Chinese title system. The more common “real” is, the more its “name” is. This paper captures the various forms of “wife” in both ancient and modern literature and classics and classifies it from the perspective of pragmatics. It finds that institutional factors, time factors, communicative psychology and communicative situations are the “wife” appellations Which are all the contextual factors in a broad sense, thus revealing the “catalyst” effect of context on the openness of the appellation system, demonstrating the contextual factors and the origin of the “one and more names” phenomenon The relationship and the restriction of contextual symmetry predicate selection and understanding.