二十一、盖印、画押、签名 世有作弊之事,而后有防弊之法。作弊者的手段花样百出,防弊之法也就要相应改变。这种作弊和防弊的斗争,自从人类进入私有制社会以来,从未止熄过。如为了证明商品买卖,财物收发和银钱借贷等经济行为的真实性、合法性,使用了凭证。始未料用凭证以防弊,作弊者即伪造凭证以作弊,于是乎又得想方设法以防伪造凭证。最早是在凭证上盖印。据《周礼·司市》记:“凡通货贿,以玺节出入之。”郑玄注:“玺节,印章。”意谓市官对财货出入的凭证,以印章检封。至于押字签名,还经过相当长的演进过程,开始时只在经济凭证上作个记号,以表明经济行为的成立。如湖北江陵凤凰山出土的西汉初期竹简 Twenty-one, stamping, painting custody, signature world cheating thing, and then there is anti-fraud law. Cheating means all sorts of tricks, anti-fraud law will have to change accordingly. This fight of cheating and cheating has never ceased since the mankind entered into a private-owned society. For example, in order to prove the authenticity and legitimacy of economic activities such as the sale of goods, receipt and delivery of property, and money lending, vouchers are used. Initially unexpected evidence to prevent cheating, cheating who falsified voucher to cheat, so they have to find ways to prevent forging documents. The earliest is the voucher stamped. According to “Zhou Li Si City,” mind: “Where the bribery to seal the festival access.” Zheng Xuan Note: “Xi Festival, seal.” Means that the officer on the goods out of the voucher to seal seal. As for the signature of the hypothetical sign, it has also undergone a rather long evolutionary process, starting with a memo on economic evidence to show the establishment of economic behavior. Such as Hubei Jiangling Phoenix Mountain unearthed in the early Western Han bamboo