Objective To study the changes and significance of neuron specific enolase(NSE) and glial fibrilous acidic protein(GFAP) in rat cerebral concussion.Methods 80 Wistar male rats were used for animal model of cerebral concussion,which were sacrificed on the 1st,3rd, 7th,14th and 30th days after injury and the brain tissue were taken off.The expressions of NSE and GFAP were studied in the course of cerebral concussion by means of immunohistochemistry. Results Rats in 100 g group were seen the clinical manifestation for typical concussion.The pathologic changes were the cerebral vascular constriction and dilation,congestion and edema of cerebral tissue and neuronal degeneration and necrosis.NSE was increased on the 1st day,and the positive area was seen in the plasma of the neurons in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum,and also seen in blood vessels,cerebrospinal fluid in aqueduct and interstitial matrix.NSE was obtained at peak on the 7th day,decreased on the 14th day and still raised on the 30th day.GFAP was increased on the 1st day,which the positive area was seen in the plasma of astrocytes,and obtained at peak on the 3rd day,which fiber like GFAP was in short,thick and astrocytes increased.GFAP decreased on the 7th day and obtained normal level in 30 days.Conclusion The main pathologic changes of cerebral concussion were blood circulatory disorder and nervous cells degeneration,apoptosis and necrosis.NSE and GFAP participated in the course of cerebral concussion,may play an important role in the damage of blood brain barrier, nervous cells degeneration and necrosis.